SHAVUOS INSIGHTS 5786 - Sinai-atic Mathematic 9 = 10
By: Rabbi Noach Peled וּסְפַרְתֶּם... שֶׁבַע שַׁבָּתוֹת... תִּסְפְּרוּ חֲמִשִּׁים יוֹם (כ״ג:ט״ו־ט״ז) “And you shall count…seven weeks…count fifty days” (Vayikra 23:15 & 16) In commanding us to count Sefiras Ha’omer, the Torah commands us to count fifty days. Now as we know, in fact we count only forty-nine days, consistent with the words of the preceding pasuk, which states that we must count seven weeks (7x7=49). If indeed we are meant to count only forty-nine days, why then does the Torah articulate the number fifty? The Rosh asks this very question, and explains that when the Torah discusses something involving an amount, of which the total number falls just one short of a full ten, say for example 9 or 19, the Torah will round it to the nearest full ten stating 10 instead of 9, or 20 instead of 19. An example he gives is when the Torah states that one who violates a lav, a negative commandment, receives lashes, the Torah says he is lashed 40 times, even though, as Chazal explain, lashes never exceed 39. Instead of writing 39, the Torah writes 40. According to the Rosh, this is standard scriptural policy. As such, here, by Sefiras Haomer, the Torah wrote 50 instead of 49. Alternatively, Rashi explains that the whole question wouldn’t start if we read the pasuk differently, with a comma after the word “count”, before the word “fifty” – such that it is not telling us to count fifty, rather it is telling us to count (the seven weeks mentioned prior), then comma/pause, then the words “fifty days” flows with whatever the rest of the pasuk is saying. Humbly, we will suggest another answer to this question, and in doing so, we will analyze the words of the Sefer Hachinuch as he explains the mitzvah of Sefiras Ha’omer. In mitzva 306 (ש״ו), the Sefer Hachinuch writes that the primary defining element of the Jewish people is the Torah. He writes that the entire universe and Klal Yisroel therein were created for the sake of the Torah. He goes so far as to say that the solitary motive for Klal Yisroel’s exodus from Egypt was so that they would subsequently receive and fulfill the Torah. He states in no uncertain terms, that Klal Yisroel’s receiving the Torah was more significant to us, than our very freedom from slavery. He finally says that since receiving the Torah was the most important, defining moment in the life of Klal Yisroel, more important than our freedom - the whole purpose of our freedom, we were commanded to count, from the time of our freedom, toward the momentous time of matan torah, to express our yearning and longing for it. In other words, although it seems outrageous to disregard and disgrace פסח by starting to, on Pesach, openly express our desire and anticipation for a different holiday, which is exactly what the counting expresses, nevertheless we do so on purpose – for exactly that reason – to show that Shavuos/Matan-Torah is more special to us than Pesach/freedom-from-slavery. Normally we would never do such a thing, as it is a terrible slight to the honor of the current Yom Tov, to say that a different Yom Tov is preferred. But the mitzvah of ספירת העומר is exactly that – an open proclamation that receiving the Torah and becoming Hashem’s most beloved עם הנבחר, means more to us than anything else in the world, even more than freeing us from slavery represented by Pesach. Therefore soon after Pesach begins, davka during Pesach, we start counting and make this proclamation, “in Pesach’s face” so to speak, to drive home this point. Sefer Hachinuch then asks the obvious question; If that’s the case, why don’t we begin our counting from the very beginning of freedom, namely the first day of Pesach? Why is our counting postponed to the second day of Pesach? He answers that the first day of Pesach because that day must be reserved for one exclusive focus: remembering the miracles of the exodus, for that event undeniably confirmed Hashem’s singlehanded control over the natural world which He created. That has to be the focus of the first day of Pesach, and we may not disrupt that focus with any other thought. Our counting was therefore delayed until the second day of Pesach. Those are the remarks of the Sefer Hachinuch. From his words we learn that in theory – to really drive home the point - we should begin counting on the first night of Pesach, just that for technical reasons we begin a day later. Were we to begin counting one day earlier - on the first night of Pesach – as we theoretically should, our total count would come to fifty. This indicates that the counting period of the Sefiras Ha’omer is in fact a fifty day period, not forty nine. In practice we start late and count only forty nine, as per the aforementioned reason. This is why the Torah articulates both the number forty nine, and the number fifty, in relation to mitzvas Sefiras Ha’omer, for in fact both are true; conceptually the sefira counting and anticipation period is fifty days long – from the start of Pesach till Shavuos. However, practically speaking, because we delay and start a day late, we actually end up counting only forty nine days. Taken from the Kollel Avreichim Hollywood