By: Rabbi Chaim Yeshaya Freeman
Restrictions-
The Torah commands וְעִנִּיתֶם אֶת־נַפְשֹׁתֵיכֶם five times regarding Yom Kippur. From these five mentions, Chazal [Yoma 76b] learn that there are five forms of self-affliction forbidden on Yom Kippur:
- אכילה ושתיה – eating and drinking
- רחיצה – washing or bathing (hot or cold)
- סיכה – anointing with oils/creams even not for pleasure (perfume or deodorant)
- נעילת הסנדל – wearing leather shoes
- תשמיש המטה – marital relations
Punishment-
- אכילה ושתיה – eating and drinking-כרת [Yoma 74b]
- The other 4 restrictions- איסור דאורייתא [M.B 611:3]
Shiurim-
- כרת for eating: כותבת הגסה (a large date) תוך שיעור אכילת פרס (within 2-9 minutes) [Yoma 73a and M.B 618:21]
- כרת for drinking: מלא לוגמיו (a cheek full), there is מחלוקת whether this is within שיעור אכילת פרס (within 2-9 minutes) or within שיעור שתיית רביעית (thirty seconds) [Yoma 73a and S.A O.C 612:10].
Practical application- If one needs to eat or drink- one should eat or drink less than the shiur to avoid כרת.
- איסור דאורייתא for eating and drinking: any amount [S.A O.C 612:5]
- איסור דאורייתא for washing: entire body [Ashel Avraham 613:1]
- איסור דאורייתא for anointing: entire limb [Ashel Avraham 613:1]
- איסור דאורייתא for wearing shoes: ד' אמות [Ashel Avraham 613:1]
- איסור דרבנן for washing: a finger [S.A O.C 613:1]
- איסור דרבנן for anointing: part of limb [S.A O.C 614:1]
- איסור דרבנן for wearing shoes: any distance [Ashel Avraham 613:1]
היתרים-
- Drinking- One may take pills without water [Igros Moshe O.C 3:91]. Water is only permitted for חולה שיש בו סכנה.
- Washing- One may wash away dirt [S.A O.C 613:1]. One may wash hands 3 times after waking up until knuckles [S.A O.C 613:2].
- Anointing- One may apply for medicinal purposes [S.A O.C 614:1].
- Wearing leather shoes- On may wear for medicinal purposes
Taken from the Kollel Avreichim Hollywood
